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Interleukin 9 Secreting Polarized T Cells Show Potential in Solid and Liquid Tumor Treatment
Interleukin 9 Secreting Polarized T Cells Show Potential in Solid and Liquid Tumor Treatment
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A cancer patient’s T cells, engineered to carry a receptor found on the surface of malignant cells, can aggressively attack tumors — with the potential to revolutionize solid tumor treatment. This technique, referred to as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy, is useful for various cancers. However, the biggest hurdle is the relapse seen in most patients. A relapse can even be seen in patients with complete remission during early treatment stages. Hence, there is a pressing need to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells to achieve long-term remissions. Among other factors, the starting state of T cells determines whether the CAR-T cell immunotherapy will be successful or not. Qing Yi, MD, PhD, the Ralph O’Connor Centennial Chair, Dr. Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center and Professor of Cancer Biology in Medicine, created interleukin 9 (IL-9) secreting CAR-T cells with a superior anti-tumor potency against CD19-expressing acute lymphoblastic leukemia and GPC3-expressing liver carcinoma. To unravel the mechanisms behind this, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to evaluate expression levels of genes associated with cell death, cell cycle and proliferation. Results suggested a fivefold higher proliferative capacity and reduced cell death in these T cells compared with T cells grown under different culture conditions (T1 cells).
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Our findings highlight a promising clinical potential of human IL-9 secreting T cells for CAR-T cell immunotherapy for human cancers, attributed to their central memory phenotype and that they are less exhausted, hyperproliferative and long-lived in vivo. The unique features of T9 CAR-T cells endow them with greater potential for clinical immunotherapy, which can lead to increased frequency of complete remission, high survival rates, and decreased number of patient relapse after treatment.
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Qing Yi, MD, PhD
CAR-T cell immunotherapy hasn’t been terribly successful in solid tumors owing to poor migration and infiltration of CAR-T cells into tumors. In addition to in vitro assays (performed outside a living organism), Yi tested the capacity of human T9 CAR-T cells to repress solid tumor growth in murine tumor models. Tumor-bearing mice treated with T9 CAR-T cells showed greater T9 CAR-T cell infiltration into tumor sites, greater survival, and reduced tumor growth compared with T1 CAR-T treated mice. Thus, T9 CAR-T cells show considerable therapeutic efficacy and potential for solid human tumors. According to Yi, “Our findings highlight a promising clinical potential of human IL-9 secreting T cells for CAR-T cell immunotherapy for human cancers that are attributed to their central memory phenotype and are less exhausted, hyperproliferative and long-lived in vivo. The unique features of T9 CAR-T cells endow them with greater potential for clinical immunotherapy, which can lead to increased frequency of complete remission, high survival rates, and decreased number of patient relapse after treatment.” Treatment outcomes in solid and liquid tumor patients can be significantly enhanced by harnessing the hyperproliferative capacity and robust antitumor potency of human T9 CAR-T cells. Engineering T cells with a CAR is justifiable and human T9 CAR-T cell therapy is likely to lead to better long-term remission among cancer patients.
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